Routing protocols are a set of rules and protocols used by routers to determine the best path for forwarding data packets between networks. There are several types of routing protocols, including:
- Distance-vector protocols: These protocols use a simple algorithm to determine the distance or cost to reach a destination network. Examples include Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP).
- Link-state protocols: These protocols maintain a detailed map of the network topology, including information about the status and connectivity of individual network links. Examples include Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS).
- Hybrid protocols: These protocols combine features of both distance-vector and link-state protocols. Examples include Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP).
- Path-vector protocols: These protocols take into account policies and preferences for selecting the best path for data to travel between networks. Examples include Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).
Routing protocols are essential for enabling communication and data transfer between different networks, and play a critical role in the functioning of the internet and other computer networks.